Category: Advice

The Black Litterman model: how to use it

  By

The Black Litterman model was developed in 1990 at Goldman Sachs by Fischer Black and Robert Litterman and published in 1992. It is a sophisticated portfolio construction method that overcomes the problem of unintuitive, highly-concentrated portfolios, input-sensitivity, and estimation error maximization, in applying modern portfolio theory in practice. The model uses a Bayesian approach to combine the subjective views of an investor regarding the expected returns of one or more assets with the market equilibrium vector of expected returns to form a new, mixed estimate of expected returns. The resulting new vector of returns leads to intuitive portfolios with sensible… Continue reading

The modern portfolio theory: how to use it

  By

Modern portfolio theory (MPT) or mean-variance model was developed by Harry Markowitz and published in 1952 by the Journal of Finance. It is an investing model that enables risk-averse investors to maximize returns for a given amount of risk or minimize the risk for a given amount of returns. For developing the MPT he was later awarded a Nobel prize. The risk of every investing portfolio returns has two components: systematic risk and unsystematic risk. The first is the market risks that cannot be diversified away. The second the specific risk of a stock and can be diversified away by… Continue reading

How to use Fundamental Analysis for trading stocks

  By

Investing in the stock markets is not simple and it is risky, but in the other side there are many opportunities to make money by investing. Before investing in stocks, it is necessary to create a solid financial plan, to determine the risk profile, to analyze the stocks, to create an optimal portfolio etc. One of the best methods to analyses the stocks is the fundamental analysis. It assesses the intrinsic value of a security by analyzing various macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. The ultimate goal of fundamental analysis is to quantify the intrinsic value of a security. Its intrinsic value… Continue reading

Pension funds guide for beginners

  By

A pension fund is any plan, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income and it is one of the most vital pieces of your long-term financial plan. Pension funds are pooled monetary contributions from pension plans set up by employers, unions, or other organizations to provide for their employees’ or members’ retirement benefits. They typically have large amounts of money to invest and dominate the stock markets where they invest. The pension fund is the best way to save for your future needs, so taking an early interest in pension planning will ensure that you are able to maintain your… Continue reading

The ultimate guide to life insurance

  By

Life insurance is one of the most vital pieces of your family’s long-term financial plan. It is a contract between an insurance company and a policyholder. In exchange for premium payments, the insurance company provides a lump-sum payment, known as a death benefit, to beneficiaries upon the insured’s death. The policyholder typically pays a premium, either regularly or as one lump sum. Depending on the contract, other events such as terminal illness or critical illness can also trigger payment. Other expenses, such as funeral expenses, can also be included in the benefits. Choosing the best life insurance isn’t as simple… Continue reading

Car insurance: what you need to know

  By

Vehicle accidents or theft happen, and when they do, car insurance can help you to keep your finances safe and sound. Car insurance is a contract between you and the insurance company that protects you against financial loss in the event of an accident or theft. In exchange for your paying a premium, the insurance company agrees to pay your losses as outlined in your policy. How much car insurance coverage helps, however, is up to you, and this is determined by the combination of options that comprise your insurance policy. Policies are generally issued for six-month or one-year timeframes… Continue reading

Loans: the complete and easy guide

  By

Usually, when we want to satisfy our lives, needs or desires, but we have no money to do this, we go to a lending institution and apply for a loan. In finance, a loan is the lending of money by banks, credit unions, online lenders, credit card companies, etc. The borrower incurs a debt, and is usually liable to pay interest on that debt until it is repaid, and also to repay the principal amount borrowed. Choosing the best loan isn’t as simple for most of the people, because there are many types of loans designed for different financial circumstances…. Continue reading

The complete guide to mortgages

  By

A house is probably one of the biggest purchases you’ll ever make. Paying it in cash is not possible for most of the people, so the only way to buy a house is by taking out a mortgage, which is a loan from a bank or building society, used to buy a property and secured by the collateral of specified real estate property until the borrower has paid it off in full. The borrower is obliged to pay it back with a predetermined set of payments over a predetermined period of time. Choosing the best mortgage isn’t simple for most… Continue reading